Currently, CARBON quantum dots have attracted considerable attention due to their unique properties and desirable advantages. High crystallinity, water solubility, good dispersibility, small size, low toxicity, inexpensive raw materials, high chemical STABILITY, environmental compatibility, low cost, STABILITY under light, desirable charge transfer with advanced electronic conductivity, as well as specific thermal and mechanical properties are some of these features. CARBON quantum dots have various applications in different fields. Fabrication of precise chemical and biological sensors, bioimaging, solar cells, drug tracking, nanomedicine, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and electrocatalysts are some of these applications. Biological sensors based on CARBON quantum dots are capable of detecting various metal ions, acids, proteins, biotin, polypeptides, DNA and miRNA, water pollutants, hematin, drugs, vitamins, and other chemicals. In the present study, the properties of CARBON quantum dots and some of their fabrication and applications methods have been addressed. In continuation of the paper, the effect of CARBON quantum dots on important factors in plants such as growth and development, photosynthesis, absorption and transportation of substances, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as their application in agriculture has been investigated.

A nonlocal beam model based on the Bernoulli–Euler beam theory is presented to investigate the dynamic STABILITY of embedded single-walled CARBON nanotubes (SWCNTs) in thermal environment under combined static and periodic axial loads. The dynamic STABILITY analysis is carried out by including the effects of small-scale parameter, temperature change and elastic medium. The equation of motion is reduced to the extended Mathieu-Hill equation, the STABILITY of which is analyzed through the Floquet-Lyapunov theory as well as bounded and unbounded solution theory. The inSTABILITY regions obtained from both theories are examined and compared with each other. Also, the effects of the small-scale parameter, temperature change, elastic medium, compressive static axial load and excitation frequency on the dynamic STABILITY of SWCNTs are discussed in detail. The prediction of dynamic inSTABILITY of CARBON nanotubes enables one to eliminate this phenomenon in cases that may fall within the range of practical significance.

In this study, the combination of two types of anionic and zwitterionic surfactants was used. By performing the phase behavior test, the optimal combination of two surfactants was found in such a way that the maximum amount of microemulsion of oil in water is formed. The obtained composition has caused stable nitrogen and CO2 foam in the Persian Gulf Sea water salinity and in contact with oil. Due to the use of zwitterionic surfactant, the STABILITY of CO2 foam is 20.9% higher than that of nitrogen foam. By examining the half-life of CO2 foam by the foam column test, the half-life of foam at the optimal concentration was observed to be 145 minutes. The effect of functionalized CARBON nanoparticles on the amount of microemulsion of oil in water and the STABILITY of CO2 foam has been studied, and CARBON nanoparticles with amine-carboxyl-hydroxyl functional group have performed best and foam STABILITY has improved by 75%. Also, in order to ensure the performance of foam in dynamic conditions, CO2 foam injection was done in the micromodel, and with CO2 foam injection, 86.4% of the original oil was recovered. The use of CARBON nanoparticles with amine-carboxyl-hydroxyl functional group improved the recovery of primary oil by 13.5% and 99.9% of primary oil was recovered.

This paper deals with dynamic STABILITY of single walled CARBON nanotube. Strain gradient theory and Euler-Bernouli beam theory are implemented to investigate the dynamic STABILITY of SWCNT embedded in an elastic medium. The equations of motion were derived by Hamilton principle and non-local elasticity approach. The nonlocal parameter accounts for the small-size effects when dealing with nano- size structures such as single-walled CARBON nanotubes. Influences of nonlocal effects, modulus parameter of elastic medium and aspect ratio of the SWCNT on the critical buckling loads and inSTABILITY regions are analyzed. It is found that the difference between inSTABILITY regions predicted by local and nonlocal beam theories is significant for nanotubes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using portulaca oleracea as a source of plant antioxidants for feeding fattening male lambs, on carcass traits, meat quality, and oxidative STABILITY. Twenty-one male lambs with an average weight of 24±1.5 kg and 150±15 days old were fed with one of the experimental rations included a diet without portulaca oleracea as control, a diet containing 7.5%, and a diet containing 15% portulaca oleracea, for 84 days. The muscle (Longissimus dorsi) samplewas used to determine pH, chemical composition, colorimetric properties, and oxidative STABILITY of meat. Meat lipid oxidation was determined after 1, 7, and 30 days of refrigerated storage using thiobarbituric acid (TBARS). The use of portulaca oleracea in diets improved meat color characteristics such as L, chroma, and Hue. The highest ash concentration and the lowest meat moisture were observed in the treatment of 15% portulaca oleracea (P<0.05). Meat pH was the lowest in the first hour after slaughter but did not differ at 24 h. Compared to the control, in both treatment groups feeding the lambs with portulaca significantly reduced the concentration of Malondialdehyde in the meat of the lambs and increased the meat oxidative STABILITY (P<0.05). The results of this experiment showed that feeding portulaca oleracea by improving properties such as color and increasing the meat oxidative STABILITY improves meat quality, which may have lead to an increase in its nutritional value in terms of human health.

Because of high organic matter content of Histosols, they have a thin capillary fringe that would lead to strong soil structure. Soil structure is referred to as aggregate STABILITY which affects crop production. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of organic CARBON, total nitrogen, carbohydrates and calcium CARBONate in different-sized aggregates and to investigate the role of these compounds on aggregate STABILITY in two soil types of Histosol. In each region 3 soil profiles were studied (0-120 cm, at each 20 cm interval) and sampling was carried out. Results showed that in both types of Histosols in all depths, larger aggregates contained more organic CARBON, total nitrogen and carbohydrate content than the smaller aggregates, while the smaller aggregates contained more calcium CARBONate. Studying the independent role of the studying properties on aggregate STABILITY in two soil types implies on positive role of organic CARBON (r=0.48, r= 0.25; P=0.01), total nitrogen (r=0.62, r=0.44; P=0.01) and carbohydrate (r=0.51, P=0.01; r=0.23, P=0.05 hot-water soluble; r=0.52, r=0.63; P=0.01 acid soluble) and negative role of calcium CARBONate (r=-0.79, P=0.01; r=-0.23, P=0.05) on soil structural STABILITY. Investigating the Pearson correlation coefficients in different-sized aggregates resulted in different outcomes on the role of these elements. The relative importance of each of the studying properties in conjunction with other properties on the soil structural STABILITY revealed the positive influence of total nitrogen in two soil types, positive effect of acid soluble carbohydrate in soils of Shahrekord and negative effect of other properties in two soil types.

Herein, we synthesized and characterized polythiophene/single-walled CARBON nanotubes nanocomposite. Thiophene (Th) and 2- (2-thienyl) pyrrole (TP) were selected as interfacial modifiers for a SWNT-poly (Th-TP) nanocomposite. The electrical conductivity and thermal STABILITY can be dramatically improved by in-situ polymerization of a thin layer of self-doped conducting polymer around and along the single-walled CARBON nanotubes (SWNTs) beside the bulk polymer. The resulting cable-like morphology of the SWNT-poly (Th-TP) composite structure was characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Also, the morphology of the film was investigated using a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The characterization of the molecular structure has indicated that thiophene and TP molecules are adsorbed onto the surface of SWNTs to polymerize and SWNTs have been used as the core in the formation of a hybrid SWNTpoly ( Th-TP) composite. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that in the SWNT-poly (Th-TP) composite, SWNT constitutes the core and poly (Th-TP) acts as the shell. TGA data confirm that the presence of SWNT in the composite is responsible for the high thermal STABILITY of the whole material in comparison with pure poly (Th-TP).The standard four-point-probe method was utilized to measure the conductivity of the samples. The conductivity through SWNT-poly (Th-TP) is as high as 38 Scm-1, well above the normal conductivity value of bulk poly (Th-TP) films (~1.67 × 10-1 Scm-1). In addition numerous physical properties of the nanocomposite were measured and the obtained results are discussed.